University of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601Preparaion Of Lead Free Nanosized Barium Titanate And Barium Calcium Titanate-Zirconate Powders By Using Urea Formaldehyde Resin23725013657710.21608/jesr.2020.136577ENAnwar SAskarEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, El-Sadat City UniversityDoreya MIbrahimNational Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, EgyptDoaa AAbdel AzizNational Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMubarak HAliEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, El-Sadat City UniversityEzzat AEl-FadalyEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, El-Sadat City UniversityJournal Article20200607Barium titanate, BaTiO<sub>3</sub> [BT] and Barium calcium titanate-zirconate BaCa(Ti Zr)O<sub>3</sub> [BCTZ] powders were prepared utilizing sol gel polymeric method using urea formaldehyde resin, as a template. The obtained gel dried at 80°C/48h, then calcined at different temperature 800, 1000 and 1100°C/3h. FT-IR analysis, thermal analysis in terms of DTA-TG were carried to the polymer gel, and gel hosting cations at 80°C. Phase composition using X-ray diffraction (XRD) was investigated to the calcined powder at the previous temperatures, Microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was studied at 1100°C/3h. It was found that the pure perovskite of (Tetragonal-orthorhombic-monoclinic) barium titanate [BT] and (Tetragonal-orthorhombic-monoclinic) [BCTZ] powder was obtained at a calcination condition of 1100 °C for 3h.The average crystal size 24.14 nm for BT powder while BCTZ powder recorded 22.83 nm. Uniform grain microstructure powders contain nearly spherical pores was obtainedhttps://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136577_5f6a5104569f25ba359e405899140ec0.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601Dielectric Properties Of Nanosized Barium Titanate Ceramics Sitered At Low Temperature25126313656910.21608/jesr.2020.136569ENAnwar SAskar3Environmental Studies and Research Institute, El-Sadat City UniversityDoreya MIbrahimNational Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Doaa AAbdel AzizNational Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Mobarak HAliEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, El-Sadat City UniversityEzzat AEl-FadalyEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, El-Sadat City UniversityJournal Article20200607Barium titanate, BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (BT) and Barium calcium titanate zirconate BaCa(Ti Zr)O<sub>3</sub> (BCTZ) ceramics were prepared by dry pressing. The prepared ceramic bodies were sintered at different temperatures, 1100, 1150 and 1200°C/4h., physical properties in terms of bulk density as well as relative density and average grain size were studied. Phase composition using X-ray diffraction (XRD) was investigated to these ceramic bodies at the previous temperatures, Microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was studied to the selected samples at 1200°C/3h. It was found that the pure perovskite of (Tetragonal-orthorhombic) (BT) and (Cubic-orthorhombic) (BCTZ) ceramics was obtained at 1200 °C/4h. Prepared bodies BT and BCTZ, sintered at 1200 °C/4h have uniform very fine grain size porous microstructure, with average grain size 604, 804 nm as well as relative density recorded 83.26, 92.39%, respectively. Dielectric constant (ε) enhanced and recorded, 2802.25 for BCTZ and 27.59 for BT ceramicshttps://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136569_9cf43c0401453cba629ab2a6a8980b7b.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601Effect of dietary levels of arginine on the growth performance and immunity of growing rabbits26427513657610.21608/jesr.2020.136576ENA. M.DahyEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.H. E.Abou EadEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.M. S.AbousekkenEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.M. A.El-SherbinyEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.Journal Article20200607The present Study was conducted at Environmental Studies and Research Institute farm, University of Sadat City and the Regional Center for Food and Feeds to determine the effect of the using different levels of arginine on the performance and immunity of growing rabbits. Forty WNZ growing rabbits of both sexes , aged 5 weeks with an average initial weight of 750 g were used in the experiment . The animals were divided into 5 groups, each group has 4 replicates each. All animals were individually housed in galvanized wire cages with feeder and automatic nipple drinker and kept under the same managerial conditions. <em>The results obtained were:</em> The final body weight of rabbit fed T<sub>4</sub> was insignificantly higher than the other groups T<sub>1</sub>, T2, T3 andT<sub>5</sub> being (2500.0g <em>vs</em>. 2280.0; 2487.50; 2446.87 and 2316.43g, respectively.), Also, rabbits group fed dietary arginine by 0.4g/kg diet (T<sub>3</sub>) achieved the best total gain value (1758.13g ) compared with control(T1) and other experimental groups( T2;T4;T5 ) being (1548.57 and 1740.63 ; 1715.63 ; 1563.57 , respectively . But there is no significant differences in final body weight gain between control and experimental treatments which supplemented with different levels of dietary arginine. Rabbits group fed dietary arginine by 0.6g/kg diet (T<sub>4</sub>) significantly (p < 0.05) consumed the highest total FI (1081.25 and 451.25 g), meanwhile, rabbits group fed dietary arginine by 0.8 g/kg diet (T<sub>5</sub>) significantly (p < 0.05) achieved the lowest feed intake (333.13g) .Insignificant differences between control and other experimental groups which ranged from 3.25 to 3.64 and no cleared effect for dietary arginine on FCR. <em>Therefore</em>, it can be concluded that dietary arginine by 0.4g/kg diet (T<sub>3</sub>) achieved better growth performance of growing rabbits.https://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136576_7cfece5d7a9e190a6d21a66605430d85.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601Antifungal activity of seven plant extracts against root rot fungi infected cantaloupe plant27628713658010.21608/jesr.2020.136580ENAdel SKEnvi University of Sadat CitySabry IMFaculty of Agriculture al-manoufia UniversityAshraf MMFaculty of Agriculture al-manoufia UniversitySaeed ZKFaculty of Agriculture al-manoufia UniversityJournal Article20200607The study dealt with the antifungal activity of some plant extracts against the fungi of mold rot of the roots that infect the roots of the cantaloupe plant, where the affected cantaloupe plant roots were collected from different places in Egypt, including (Nubaria _ Khattaba _ Medina Sadat _ Egypt’s Desert Road, Desert Road kilo 76) and the <em>Fusarium Solani</em> fungi _ and fungi were isolated. Lithium - Solanese Resect Fungus, seven wild plants were collected, then plant extracts were made using an organic solvent (methanol) and the results of an anti-fungal activity experiment showed that all the plant extracts led to a significant inhibition of the growth of the tested fungi. Inhibition against <em>Fusarium solani</em> fungi 52.6 mm and against fungicide solani fecunda 22.2 mm and proven studies of Walter Keba minute the effect of plant extract of the taxa on the cellular composition of <em>Fusarium solani</em> fungi studies showed an increase in the thickness of the fungal cell wall. Chemical analysis of the extract of the tax collector using the HPLC device. The plant extract of the tax collector contains phenolic and flavonoids, which are important materials to inhibit the growth of fungi. https://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136580_183fe1f11c7a3d48c1a294050c4a9405.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601Using Bagasse as a natural adsorbent for aflatoxins in rabbit diets28830413657810.21608/jesr.2020.136578ENT SAbdel-ghanyRegional Centre for food and feeds, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, EgyptH AAbou-eadEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat CityM S. M.AbouskkenEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat CityAmal A.Abou HagarEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat CityJournal Article20200607Thirty males growing White New Zealand (WNZ) rabbits of Aged 4 weeks with initial mean weight (750±50g) were divided into 5 equal groups were kept under the same managerial conditions were conducted to determine the effect of feeding dietary bagasse as a source of natural dietary fiber and to adsorbent for aflatoxins or natural contamination in rabbit diets and to evaluate of using dietary bagasse on growth performance of rabbits. The results obtained were : Group fed basal diet supplemented with bagasse at level 6% (T3,) recorded the best LBW (2279.2g) followed by group fed diet supplemented low dose of AFs+ bagasse at level 6% (T5) being (2177.5 g) ,meanwhile, group fed basal diet (control ) (T1) was the worst one being (2087 g) ; group fed dietary bagasse at level 6% and low dose of AFs (75.0ppb) (T5) achieved significantly (P<0.05) the highest (TG) value(1402.0 g) ; rabbits group fed 6% bagasse and groups fed 6 % bagasse with Low aflatoxin dose (75.0ppb) significantly (P<0.05) consumed TFI less than control and other experimental groups ; No significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among TFCR and Adsorption abilities ranged from 94.63-98.10 % the highest adsorption capacity was observed when using 6 % bagasse and 3 hr shaking time at low TAF concentration , while the lowest value of binding was obtained at level 3% bagasse and 1 hr shaking time and high TAF concentration. The study concluded that using dietary 6 % bagasse with Low aflatoxin dose (75.0ppb) in growing rabbit diets significantly improve growth performance and have Adsorption ability at low TAF concentrationhttps://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136578_9c23bcda11674302633e0f44bf9ad297.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601The Effectiveness of An English Language Program to Develop Al-Azhar Secondary School Students' Environmental Literacy in Light of Holy Quran and Sunnah30532213657010.21608/jesr.2020.136570ENHala KhatabEnvironmental studies and research institute, university of Sadat cityMubarak AliEnvironmental studies and research institute, university of Sadat cityAhmed Seif ElDeenFaculty of Education, El menofyia universityAhmed DahshanFaculty of Relagion fundamentals, Al Azhar University, Zagazig BranchJournal Article20200607Environmental literacy results from education. Improving curricula has a great role in education reform. Our target is to develop Al-Azhar secondary schools' English curricula. The main purpose of this study is establishment of programs in educational curricula related with global trends lead to education reform in the right direction. The research is done through several steps. The first step is an analysis of English Al Azhar secondary stage curricula (Islamic Book) to evaluate its content of environmental concern. The second step is designing a questionnaire for environmental and educational specialists in order to select the best subjects for developing students' environmental literacy in light of Quran and Sunnah. The third step is measuring students' environmental literacy, attitudes and knowledge of environmental literacy in light of Quran and Sunnah. The fourth step is designing educational program consists of two units based on the last three steps. The fifth step is teaching this unit to the selected students and reevaluating their responses.
Results indicated the difference in the opinions of experts towards the environmental problems as well as their responses to environmental solutions and participation. There is obvious difference in students' scores in pre and post tests in the direction of the pre one. It was found out that teaching of the educational program improved students' environmental literacy in light of Quran and sunnah.https://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136570_d61fc86a18f7930e9c5591dfd840aef6.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601Test Method Validation for Quantitative Determination of Heavy Metals in Olive Oils by Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP – AES) using Low Cost and Simple Extraction Method30632113657910.21608/jesr.2020.136579ENS HaggagEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute (ESRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat CityM SaifDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, 11711 Cairo, EgyptH SHafezEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute (ESRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat CityJournal Article20200607The aim of this study is to demonstrate a valid and simple extraction method for the extraction of heavy metals from olive oil and its quantitative determination by ICP-AES technique. Fifteen olive oil samples are collected from different manufacturing companies originates from five countries. Fourteen metals are quantitively detected in all samples including; Aluminum, Arsenic, Calcium, Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, Nickel, Lead and Zinc. A simple extraction method has been proposed for the extraction of heavy metals from the raw oil samples based on diluted 10% HNO<sub>3</sub>. Test method validation procedures have been carried out for the quantitative analytical determination of the detected trace metals in the investigated oil samples. The trace elements are found to be in the concentration range from 0.0001 to 8.39 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup>. As a result of the test method validation; linearity (R2) is above 0.99, the recovery ranged between (72.63% to 124.62%), the limit of detection and the limit of quantitation are between (0.006– 2.32 µg.kg<sup>-1</sup>) and (0.022 – 7.68 µg.kg<sup>-1</sup>) respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSDs) for repeatability and ruggedness are found to be lower than 2.2% for selected elements, which confirms the precision of the ICP-AES analytical method. The results demonstrate the validity of accurate, precise, rugged, selective, specific and stable ICP-AES determination method for trace metal analysis in raw olive oil samples that based on the proposed simple extraction method.https://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136579_669f49847f151cfac33f9423ec440b9d.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601the role of procurement practices in effective implementation of infrastructure projects in Egypt32333613657110.21608/jesr.2020.136571ENIbrahim AHarakMinistry of Investment and international Cooperation, EgyptW A. T.GarheyEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, EgyptN NEl HefnawyEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20200607The purpose of this paper is to report on a research that investigates the role of procurement practices in effective implementation of infrastructure projects(ppp) in a developing country, Egypt. The research investigated and explored the issues and barriers to effective implementation of different procurement methods, the environment and its suitability for implementing different forms of procurement in context of public sector in Egypt.
Egypt has sought to look for alternatives to enable them to carry out projects of infrastructure without carrying the general public budget new additional burdens, so PPP is one of these good alternatives to finance new investments in infrastructure projects in all countries worldwide. Egypt has signed three partnership projects between the public and private sectors in accordance with the law partnership of 67 for the year 2010 as following: New Cairo waste water treatment plant with capacity 250000 m3/day, which was completed and currently under operation, and sympathy university of the specialist and in Smouha Maternity and Blood Bank in Alexandria, but did not Reaching the financial close to date due to the local currency decline. After reviewing the experiences of different countries in the partnership and there success, Egypt has should expand in these projects that fit the reform plan and economic ambitious that carried out by the Egyptian state. The total number of public-private partnership projects has reached 52 Project from year ago 1990 to year 2018 , with total committed investments for public-private partnerships 9826 Million US $ during the period.
finally, the restructuring of all sectors of the economy , the national agricultural, industrial, service and technology, and the development of Sinai, and establish a power plants to generate electricity from nuclear power in the Dabaa, the Egyptian PPP market should be more effectively, and return positively to the economy, and reduce the burden on the general state budget.https://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136571_ad3ec46d3a6127e2d95ea260d15b5149.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601Study On Mycotoxin Contamination For Egyptian Rice During Post Harvest Processing33734713657310.21608/jesr.2020.136573ENAhd ASalehEnvironmental studies and Research Inst., University of Sadat City, EgyptM AEl-HoweityEnvironmental studies and Research Inst., University of Sadat City, EgyptH GalalEnvironmental studies and Research Inst., University of Sadat City, EgyptA AAbo HagarEnvironmental studies and Research Inst., University of Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20200607This study aimed to introduce a survey and assessment of contaminants of mycotoxins (aflatoxin) in the Egyptian rice through the stages of preparation after the harvest and until reaching to the consumer. The rice samples were collected from (Dakahleya, Kafr El-Sheikh, and ElSharka), stored rice in flat. Samples divided, graded and kept in cloth bags and stored for nine months period at ambient environmental conditions. Results of the study dealt with chemical properties of hulled rice before storing, moisture content, Ash percentage, nitrogen free extract (NFE%) percentage, physical properties of hulled rice, weight per 1000 kernels (gm), hardness (%), color of hulled rice, Microbial properties of rice after different storing periods, total count of fungi for hulled rice of different governorates subject of the study, Aflatoxin in storage periods for hulled rice. Results of chemical properties indicated that increase of moisture content in ElSharka rice compared with others and protein percent was higher in Kafr El-Sheikh compared to Dakahleya or ElSharka rice. Physical properties of hulled rice showed that, the quality of rice with storage days was the best for Dakahleya rice compared with other rice after 180 days. Microbial properties showed that, Fungus count as Log(Cfu/g) for the hulled rice after 180 days for the highest value for Kafr El-Sheikh is 3.24, the second rank recorded for Dakahia governorate 3.12 while the lowest value was in Sharkia governorate (1.5). It is noticed that aflatoxin showed after180 from storage days and increased at 270 day from storage rice and was higher in Sharkia followed by Dakahia rice then Kafr El-Sheikh ricehttps://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136573_27917b6d067616f19080034f7df472a7.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601Extraction Nanoparticles from Chicory for Cooling Purposes of Photovoltaic Solar Cell with Nanofluid33834713657210.21608/jesr.2020.136572ENM AbdElshokaryEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, EgyptMousa MMohamedFaculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-KomRifai IRifaiEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, EgyptM FAzzazyEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20200607Chicory or the so-called in Egypt Al-serees is found in a large quantities of agricultural clover and vegetables. The present study investigates the methanolic extract 70% of <em>Cichorium intybus L</em> belonging to family Asteraceae. Data obtained from the elemental analysis revealed the presence of 23 elements. The major detected elements are Sodium) Na( 159.59 ppm, potassium )K( 19.29 ppm, Calcium )Ca( 8.68 ppm, Magnesium) Mg( 6.88 ppm and Aluminium )Al( 3.11ppm respectively. The metallic nanoparticles are traditionally synthesized by wet chemical techniques with potassium chloride. The formation of potassium chloride nanoparticles was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction, (XRD). The XRD pattern indicates that the nanoparticles had cubic structure. The XRD analysis of potassium chloride (KCl) nanoparticles have five peaks at 28.39, 40.58, 50.25, 58.75 and 66.47 angles. At 28.39 = 2θ, the curve has the extra highest peak. The average crystallite size for KCl as observed from XRD spectral analysis was found to be 20 nm, which is in agreement with the Transmission Electron Microscpe (TEM) analysis. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis shows the spheric potassium chloride and other mineral<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">s</span> nanoparticles.The potassium chloride and other elements nanoparticles may be used to improve the performance of photovoltaic solar cell. The selection of chicory (Al-serees ) is due to a cost effective and environmental friendly techniquehttps://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136572_f0e472cb59f3b969060dd01fa21d0045.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601assessment of healthcare wastes management at Egyptian hospital: case study at Qotour general hospital34836113657410.21608/jesr.2020.136574ENHasnaa BasiounyKhedreEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, El-Sadat City UniversityAli H. H.SalehEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, El-Sadat City UniversityWalid Sobhy Q.Abdofaculty of veterinary edicine Kafr EL-Sheikh UniversityJournal Article20200607Waste management is a collection, transportation, and disposal of garbage, sewage, and other waste products. Waste management is the process of treating solid wastes and offers a variety of solutions for recycling items that don’t belong to trash. The aim of this study was to review and assess the current status of medical waste management practices at Qutour General Hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional and observational design was used. The study was conducted at Egyptian Hospitals and Case Study of Qutour General Hospital. A random sample of sixty participants from the medical and nursing staff and workers by simple randomization. One tool was used for data collection: A structured questionnaire schedule: consists of two parts, social characteristics of the study sample and a questionnaire to collect information on the management of medical waste. The results show there was proper knowledge among all health care workers related to waste segregation regarding general, infectious and sharps waste. workers have knowledge related to color-coded bags and medical waste storage and transport despite not reading the written policies of waste management. The study concluded a gap between current knowledge of hospital waste management among health-care workers and that demanded by hospital waste management implementation policies. All the storage waste rooms were inappropriate, the studied hospitals had records for delivered and received wastes but incomplete. The study recommended establishing a medical waste system to implement the existing legislation, establish a waste management team, development of in-service training programs for health care workers and written policies or clear procedures of waste management should be available at ambulatory clinics.https://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136574_fb80f1b421cccf933c29950c23a0d402.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601Status, Problems and Challenges for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Assiut Governate36238413657510.21608/jesr.2020.136575ENN. A.IbrahimEnvironmental Studies and Researches Institute; EgyptG AAbo El-AtaOccupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptM. M.El-HattabEnvironmental Studies and Researches Institute; EgyptJournal Article20200607 The increase of urbanization, population growth, and economic expansion generates a mounting quantity of solid waste in many developing countries. Solid waste management is one of the critical problems in Egypt. Currently, more than 95 million tons of solid waste have been generated from various sectors in Egypt. Per capita waste generation is from 0.2 kg to 0.6 kg which varies depending on household and economic size of the population.
Assiut governorate is one of the deep-rooted governorates with area of 25926 Km2 representing 2.6% of Egypt area with total estimated population of 4.4 Million. The amount of waste collected from Assiut is 635.224 tons/year from 11 Markaz, including: 11 cities, 2 districts, 55 rural Local Councils, 235 villages and 1083 hamlets. Assiut has two sites for Mechanical/Biological Treatment (MBT) of waste and landfill in Assiut and Qusiya.
Solid waste management (SWM) in the governorate is the overall responsibility of the governorate and its affiliated municipalities, districts and Local Councils. Recently, in 2017 a new organizational structure in the governorate is responsible for the SWM planning, as well as for the monitoring of the services and operations. Central Agency For Organization & Administration approved the new Solid Waste Management organization (EEAA, 2018).
This paper provided detail analysis of the status of solid waste generation, management, challenges and solution for solid waste management in Assiut Governorate.https://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136575_6b95fba57143b1ef6b51806116ae295f.pdfUniversity of Sadat City; Enviromental Studies & Research InstituteJournal of Environmental Studies and Researches2356-805410(2)20200601Effect of activated water treatment plant solid waste sludge on waste water for irrigation38540413658110.21608/jesr.2020.136581ENAbdou El NagarEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, EgyptMobarak HAliEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, EgyptM KFattahEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, EgyptEzzat AEl FadalyEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20200607This study aims to reusing of normal sludge from water treatment plants for waste water treatment for agricultural use. Normal and acid activated sludge with different acid concentration is used for the treatments. 1, 2,4 N HCl is the activator. 1- 20 g/lt from sludge are used. The best effect of water treatment plant sludge(WTPS) in waste water treatment, due to using of acid activated sludge ( 1N HCL, 2N HCl ) in waste water treatment was 3g/lt at room temperature.It was observed that,activation of sludge affected on their particles properties; size, structure and density that leads to increase of; surface area and adsorption efficiency, pH decreased from 9.6 to 8.3 then raised to 9,BOD as well as COD decreased from78/129 to 30/10 with addition of raw or acidified sludge till 2N HCl while the effect of 4N HCl is 500/100, Ammonia decreased by 14-33% with addition of sludgeand 20%, Heavy metals; Al+3 and Fe+3, reduction is observed in this study. These uptakes of them is up to 75% to 95 % turbidity (1 NTU) where it was improved till 99%; Phosphate uptake is 19-60% with addition of raw sludge and acidified with 1N and 2N, HCl; while at 4N, HCl the uptake is 19%, conductivity and TDS increased together with 8% approximately but it was observed, conductivity and TDS decreased. The influence of mixed salt solutions percolation on the media that elevated exchangeable sodium levels at low concentrations cause dispersion and swelling of the clay minerals and consequently a reduction in hydraulic conductivity of the water solution.wateranalysed with reference COD, BOD, Turbidity, conductivity, TDS, pH, Ammonia, Phosphate and aluminum, Iron according to international standards.
The result indicates to the best using of normal sludge was 5g/lt, at room temperature and acid activated sludge ( 1N HCL, 2N HCl ) in waste water treatment was 3g/ltat room temperature. We can recommended that the reuse of raw water clarification sludge was the best compensation to get suitable COD, BOD, Turbidity, conductivity, TDS, pH, Ammonia, Phosphate and heavy metals removal in waste water and preserving the environment.https://jesr.journals.ekb.eg/article_136581_5123f6fcbb761996f66cb57feb5d8174.pdf